Purpose Engine Technology Progress in Japan (ETPJ) is a series of engine technology publications for engineers, researchers, and students of engine-related technology. ETPJ is published by Inter-Tech Energy Progress, Inc. (iTEP), a company dedicated to increasing the flow of engine technological information from Japan and to helping professionals and executives worldwide stay informed about the latest developments in Japanese engine technology. Because iTEP is committed to accomplishing these objectives, ETPJ is published quarterly with current research information. ETPJ is published and edited by Susumu Ariga, Ph.D., President/Owner of iTEP. ETPJ is also supported by an international Technical Advisory Board with broad automotive research and engineering experience. Additional support is provided by the Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, Inc. (JSAE) iTEP, a Texas corporation (Charter Number 01265610), was established in March 1993 in San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A. Publication support is provided by Margaret White, M.A., Consulting Publications Editor and Yaeko Ariga, M.A., Publication Specialist.